Squalene, also known as squalene, shark, squalene, is an important chemical active substance in the liver of sharks. Squalene is an all-trans isomer with six double bonds and is a highly linear, unsaturated triterpenoid. Squalene is a colorless or slightly yellow transparent oily liquid that absorbs oxygen and becomes linseed. It is easily soluble in petroleum ether, ether and acetone, slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid and ethanol, and incompatible with water.
Discovery
Squalene is a colorless or slightly yellow transparent oily liquid that absorbs oxygen and becomes linseed. It is easily soluble in petroleum ether, ether and acetone, slightly soluble in glacial acetic acid and ethanol, and incompatible with water.
Distribution of squalene
Squalene is not only found in animals, plants, but also in microorganisms. Deep sea sharks are one of the animals with high levels of squalene found in nature to date. Tsujimoto found that squalene is the main component of shark liver oil unsaponifiable matter, which is 89.62 g/100 g and 71.64 g/100 g of Ai-zamé and Heratsuno-zamé shark liver oil, respectively. The content of squalene in deep sea shark liver oil is above 40 g/100 g, which is considered to be the main source of early squalene.
Because of the different geographical conditions of shark species, gender, age and growth, there is a big difference in the content of squalene in liver oil. The content of squalene in the liver oil of deep sea and toothed shark is above 90 g/100 g, while the river The content of squalene in shark liver oil is lower. Following the deep sea shark, sebum is an animal tissue found to have a high squalene content. The content of squalene in sebum is approximately 13 g/100 g.
Downing and other studies have found that the content of squalene in the sebum of the mole is 70 g / 100 g, which is significantly higher than the content of squalene in human and other animal sebum, which may be closely related to the adaptation of the mole to the humid living environment. . Generally, human skin is exposed to sunlight for a long time, and ultraviolet rays easily cause oxidative stress damage to the skin. Squalene in sebum can effectively block the reaction and inhibit the peroxidation of sebum, thereby protecting the skin from harm.
Recent studies have found higher levels of squalene in yak meat. In 2012, Luo Zhang detected squalene in freeze-dried yak meat, which can reach 328.28μg/kg. It can be seen that yak meat can be used as a new resource for the development and utilization of squalene.
Kopicov et al found that the content of squalene in the muscles of 20 freshwater fish such as red-eye fish was 9.80~153.68 mg/100 g, and the content of squalene in visceral fat was 7.01~180.38 mg/100 g. The content of squalene in freshwater fish is significantly lower than that in deep sea sharks, which may be closely related to the environmental conditions in which they live.
Dewitt et al found that trace amounts of squalene were present in the blood of humans and rats, containing 30 to 35 μg of squalene per 100 mL of blood.
In addition, shark mab has been found that squalene is detected in vegetable oils and by-products such as olive oil, amaranth oil, rice bran oil and palm oil, crop seed oil and vegetable oil deodorized distillate, especially in olive oil and amaranth oil. The high content of squalene can be used as an important industrial raw material for the preparation of squalene. Crude olive oil is a vegetable oil obtained by crushing olive kernels. It is considered to be one of the main sources of squalene in the current plant, and its squalene content is 100 mg/100g~800 mg/100 g.
Squalene is also present in microbial cells. Bhattacharjee et al. produced squalene by anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and molasses, with dry yields of 4.12 mg/100 g and 23.72 mg/100 g, respectively.
In addition, Brid et al. found that trace squalene was also detected in microorganisms such as Staphylococcus, Hansen Debaryomy, Rhodospirillum and Aspergillus nidulans (filamentous fungi). By screening high-yield strains of squalene and then producing squalene by bio-fermentation, it opens up a new way to solve the squalene resources.
Other services:
No comments:
Post a Comment