An antibody is a protein secreted by a plasma cell in the human body. This protein can identify some foreign substances in the human immune system, such as viruses and bacteria. This is also a feature of antibodies. In addition, there are many kinds of reactions in antibodies, so it is often used to understand some of the antibodies in the body. In fact, if you want to know about the antibody, you need to understand the protein first.
An immunoglobulin produced by a plasma cell differentiated by B cells under the stimulation of an antigenic substance and capable of specifically binding to a corresponding antigen. Since electrophoresis was first used to demonstrate that antibody activity in serum is in the gamma globulin fraction, antibodies have been collectively referred to as two (gamma) globulins. It was later proved that the antibodies were not all in the γ region; and the globulins located in the γ region did not necessarily have antibody activity.
In fact, all antibodies belong to immunoglobulins, so it can be said that antibodies belong to proteins, but not all proteins are antibodies. Proteins are composed of three levels of structure. The first-order mechanism is composed of a linear structure in which some amino acids are connected to each other. The secondary structure is composed of α and β folded structures. The tertiary structure is considered to be The spatial structure is that most of the structure is formed by the connection of disulfide bonds. The antibody is a part of the protein belonging to the third-level organization, that is, it is connected by some means such as two heavy chains.
Antibodies and proteins are still somewhat different and related. Although therapeutic antibodies are proteins, proteins are not necessarily antibodies. The main reason is that the antibodies are produced by the plasma cells in the human body, and they can also be combined with the specific antigens, so that the proteins can be exerted to some extent. However, proteins have certain anti-activity. For example, serum in patients with myeloma may have high myeloma protein.
Although it is also produced by human plasmacytoma, it is structurally similar to antibodies, but has no relevant immunity. Therefore, to a certain extent, protein can be regarded as a concept of chemical structure, and antibody is a functional term in biology. In addition, in terms of the angle of production, antibodies produce some proteins from the body through some foreign substances. However, proteins can be extracted directly from the human body.
From the above, it can be known that the antibody is a protein, but the protein here is an immunoglobulin. However, antibodies are globulins with a certain immunity, and they have the ability to stimulate the body's immune performance, but different proteins have different antibodies. In addition, the antibody is resistant to some physicochemical factors, in fact, it is the same as the protein, it is not heat-resistant, and it is generally destroyed at about 60 degrees. In fact, it can be said that antibodies and proteins are related to each other. Although proteins are not all antibodies, antibodies belong to proteins.
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